Theses and Dissertationshttp://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/112024-03-19T01:00:29Z2024-03-19T01:00:29ZFactors influencing Coca-Cola Sabco acquisition strategy in KenyaMuniala, Zachaeus Shiunduhttp://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/33352024-03-15T06:54:09Z2012-10-01T00:00:00ZFactors influencing Coca-Cola Sabco acquisition strategy in Kenya
Muniala, Zachaeus Shiundu
Despite the burgeoning literature on acquisition as a growth strategy and its wide spread use currently by firms globally, little is known and documented about the factors that drive subsidiaries in the franchise territory to adapt a particular growth strategy in a given country. This is contrary to the fact that global and multinational firms for instance, Coca-Cola Sabco Company formulates clear strategies for competing with other players in the industry at global level. This study was to determine the factors (organizational and individual) that drive Coca-Cola Sabco Company to go for acquisition strategy in Kenya and to establish the relationship between the number of firms acquired and overall firm profitability between the years 2000 and 2009. A cross-sectional survey research design was used for this study and a census was conducted on all the 84 targeted respondents. A questionnaire with structured and unstructured questions was used to collect primary data from all 84 top managers of the company since they are the key decision makers. Secondary data was collected by going through the company’s organizational structure and financial statements. Spearman’s correlation analysis, ranking and descriptive analysis were used to analyze the specific objectives with the help of SPSS computer software. The results show that, when organizational factors that influence the company to acquire other plants were ranked, to increase diversification was the most influential factor as it ranked number one and was followed by R&D which ranked number two, need for technology ranked number three, market share and balancing cost and revenue ranked number four and to reduce competition ranked number six. For individual factors, the need for more power came first, followed by achievement, sensation seeking and prestige respectively. The profitability of the company increased over the years but the impact of the acquired plants on the overall profitability in subsequent years was very minimal as indicated by a weak positive correlation coefficient of I=0.3499, p=0.00l3 which was statistically significant. This study recommends further research on the acquisition process to establish whether the acquisitions done are partial or full acquisition. Further, the business environment varies from industry to industry and from country to country, hence a similar study should be conducted to ascertain whether similar results/findings on factors that influence a company to adapt acquisition strategy hold
2012-10-01T00:00:00ZEffect of enterpreneurial behaviour on farm perfomance among small-scale commercial-oriented farmers; case of Niono zone MaliMahamadou, Soumaila Kontehttp://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/33342024-03-15T06:45:23Z2018-06-01T00:00:00ZEffect of enterpreneurial behaviour on farm perfomance among small-scale commercial-oriented farmers; case of Niono zone Mali
Mahamadou, Soumaila Konte
The Agricultural Orientation Law (AOL) of 2006 gave Malian small-scale farmers incentives for commercial-orientation. However, they have not been fully embraced by farmers, and this may be due to their entrepreneurial behaviour (EB). Few studies have been conducted on farmers’ EB in Mali. This study aimed towards fulfilling this knowledge gap. The general objective was to contribute towards improved livelihood through enhanced EB and farm performance among small-scale farmers in Niono zone, Mali. Specifically, the study aimed to determine: the level of EB of small-scale farmers, and the effect of their EB on both the uptake of AOL’s business incentives and farm performance. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 236 farmers. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed relevancy of the selected EB while Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 was qualified acceptable. Descriptive statistics were used to determine farmers’ EB while multivariate Probit and multivariate Tobit models were used to analyse the effect of farmers’ EB on uptake of incentives and farm performance, respectively. Both models indicated good fitness to the data at 5% and 10% significance level respectively. The initiation, innovativeness risk-taking and self-efficiency of the respondents are ranged at second highest level. The previous-failure and proactiveness were scaled at second lowest level. The highest uptakes of incentives were fertilisers (84%) and credit (35%) while the lowest uptakes were funds (16%) and equipment (14%). The uptake was negatively influenced by the distance to extension services providers, household size and the proactiveness, initiation and previous failure. For farm perfonnance, the indicators, sales, profitability and post-harvest losses (PHLs), were affected differently. Both sales and profitability were found to be affected by land size, farm asset values and access to a model farm. The PHLs increased with household size and average fann size in famiers’ network, but decreased with household head’s years of schooling, nature of business, average time of walking between network members, amount of credit in the counter-season and EB of initiation and innovativeness. To promote commercial-orientation, the study recommended that the government should develop farmers’ EB, adapt equipment subsidy and agricultural funds to farmers’ socio-economic realities. It should also smoothen the administrative procedures and consider positive factors that appeal and facilitate the emergence and achievement of EB. Further, consideration should be more inclined to farmer-to-farmer approaches since the network is important in terms of motivation, sensitization and sharing of knowledge and experiences.
2018-06-01T00:00:00ZEffects of post tanning operations and aloe barbadensis miller-Carrageenan mixture on physical, structural and chemical properties and on hexanvalent chromium formation in leatherNalyanya, Kallen Mulilohttp://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/33332024-03-14T13:36:52Z2019-05-01T00:00:00ZEffects of post tanning operations and aloe barbadensis miller-Carrageenan mixture on physical, structural and chemical properties and on hexanvalent chromium formation in leather
Nalyanya, Kallen Mulilo
Leather industry is a key player in most developing countries’ economy. However, its tanning process has been associated with environmental and human health hazards due to formation of Cr (V I). To address these concerns, this study investigated effects of Aloe barbadensis Miller (ABM) mixed with carrageenan and of crusting operations on physical and structural properties, and elemental concentrations and on formation of Cr (VI) in leather crusts. Raw cow hide was conventionally processed to tanning, retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring and after each step, samples were cut for testing and others treated with ABM mixed with carrageenan. Results from the Instron tester showed that all the crusting operations significantly affect both physical and organoleptic properties of leather. Confocal Raman spectroscopic data showed that crusting operations and the incorporation of ABM and carrageenan causes structural alterations as indicated by shifls in peak positions and variations in intensities especially of amide bands. Predicted strength properties using empirical models and equations showed closer agreement with experimental data. The ideal quantity of ABM was calculated to be 3.78% and the incorporation stage done at fatliquoring process. Interaction of ABM/carrageenan is only majorly physical with minor interactions involving hydroxyl bonds and sulphur. Results from EDXRFs showed that the incorporation increases the levels of S, K, Ca, V, Fe and Zn. All the crusting processes affect the levels of Cr (VI) formed in both aged and non-aged leather crusts. The levels of Cr (VI) in leathers is detectably higher in retanned and fatliquored and minimum in dyed crusts. The levels of Cr (VI) in leather crusts processed with ABM Miller and carrageenzm, aged and unaged, were below detection level. ABM and carrageenan have shown total inhibition of Cr (VI) formation. For purposes of crosslinking and improving the physical properties, flie study recommends the incorporation process to be done during pretanning operations. However, for antioxidant purposes, the incorporation should be done afier tanning process especially fatliquoring stage and at most 3.784 wt % of the ABM and carrageenan used. The study recormnends more research to determine the ideal particle sizes of the ABM and carrageenan molecules to enhance the penetration and distribution within the matrix. The study suggests activation of the ABM and carrageenan by sulphiting for improved wetting and adhesion. More appropriate coupling agents need to be determined for adhesion and wetting back
2019-05-01T00:00:00ZWind potential and wind pump water discharge for drip irrigation; a case of lake victoria shore-KenyaKaboko, Peter Agukohttp://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/33322024-03-14T07:41:36Z2014-04-01T00:00:00ZWind potential and wind pump water discharge for drip irrigation; a case of lake victoria shore-Kenya
Kaboko, Peter Aguko
Wind Pump drip irrigation is a system that is not documented but developed to link the theory of wind regime, Wind machine and drip irrigation to deliver low but frequent applications of water to plant roots for clean energy and to exploit advantages of drip efficiencies. This was by synchronizing wind speed, wind pump discharge, and evapo transpiration. At Lake Victoria Shore (5700 Krnz) Kenya, the challenge was lack of adequate wind speed data obtained only at Ahero, Kadenge, Kibos, Muhuru Bay, Rusinga tlm height) and Kisumu at 2m and 10m heights for the large area. Rusinga had 2m height data and a pre-installed wind pump while Ng’ura site lacked wind speed data but a wind pump was installed. The objective of this study was to detennine wind potential and estimate water discharge from variable wind speeds for use of a wind pump drip irrigation system at the Lake Shore. This comprised design and installation of the system at Ng’ura, collection of actual wind speed and discharge data from Rusinga Island. A survey map was used in positioning the pipeline, dug well, water tank and the sedimentation tank at Ng’ura. Field performance of the horizontal axis wind pump coupled to a drip-irrigation system was done at Rusinga Island. A total of 39 test runs was done in a period of 20 days. The actual data from Kisumu and Rusinga were respectively used for the development of percent wind speeds availability and to select the best of the existing instantaneous discharge equations. A fitting statistical distribution (Weibull) model for use with power law index (u) parameter for increase of the wind speeds with height was identified from the Lake Shore (LS) data. It was established that the wind speeds (Zm) within the Lake Shore were consistent, fitted the three parameter Weibull distribution and the predicted 10m Kisumu wind speeds from 2m compared well to the actual 10m with an average R2 of 0.83. The power law index (u) was 0.4 for the Lake Shore, 2 times the actual (0.8) for Kisumu, negatively related to power law index (ot) and location. The winds speeds at the Lake Shore showed greater potential nearest to the shoreline with less frequent change of direction. Height of placement of the wind turbine needed to be increased with reference to distance inland and shore line. A Weibull model parameter scale factor (c) for each station was determined and found useful for estimating wind speeds at l0m from 2m using a Weibull model and power law index (0.). Particularly, hourly wind speeds for one year for every month was adequate for estimating the wind speeds at a location. The wind speed range percent (WSRP) availability table and the conceptualized model (Q = K (Z V[Ri) discharge equation (which compared well to the existing instantaneous wind pump discharge equations) developed is for predicting wind pump discharge and wind strength time limits for irrigation duration. The accuracy of the predicted discharge improves with the length of the hourly wind speed, the startup pump rotation speed and the measuring equipment. Additionally, the wind speeds at 2m height at Ngu’ra were greater than 2m/sec and reasonable for installation of the wind pump. Installation required knowledge of locality/topographical map and Lake Victoria water levels which lost 0.5 m depth at Ngu‘ra, estimated to be over 40 m in horizontal distance for data of over 40 years. The Ng’ura reference evapotranspiration (ETo) averaged 4.1 mm based on the LocClime Estimator and compared well with that calculated for Kisumu, Kibos and Kadenge. The wind pump drip irrigation system development and installation approach for Ngu’ra therefore can be used elsewhere along the shore as a guide. It was also established that a..*§.=*ect coupled wind pump to a drip-irrigation system with pressure compensating emitters ‘as technically feasible due to the drip irrigation emission uniformity efficiencies achieved. They were acceptable within standards as they ranged between 93% in the morning to 94% in the afternoon for the 39 test-runs made. Wind regime, wind pump performance characteristics and of emitter discharge were noted as the critical parameters for the system design. The
I-ind pump drip irrigation as an agricultural production frame work put forward in this study
a basis for exploitation of wind as the green energy. However there is need to enhance data capture in form and format for precision in use of the method as a technology
2014-04-01T00:00:00Z