Faculty of Education and Community Studies
http://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/646
2024-03-28T08:34:38ZRehabilitation process of juvenile delinquents in Kenya approved schools
http://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3338
Rehabilitation process of juvenile delinquents in Kenya approved schools
Levi, Lavera Wako
Since independence the Government of Kenya has continued in the efforts to deal with the problem of delinquents. To accomplish this, special approved schools have been set apart through which concerted effort is made to rehabilitate the delinquents, so that they are re-integrated back into society as useful citizens. This study was focused on the rehabilitation process that goes on in these approved schools including factors that influence the rehabilitation process, especially the attitudes of delinquents on self, school, teachers, the curriculum and teaching/ learning facilities. Results from research questions, in the study, showed that students and key players in the rehabilitation process, that is, teachers, parents and administrators, positively perceived the aim of rehabilitation in approved schools. However, the rehabilitation process was made less effective by inadequacy of facilities, learning/teaching materials, staff, and negative attitudes. Furthermore there were no specific rehabilitation treatment programmes for delinquents. It was also observed that there was no significant change related to the delinquents continued stay in approved schools. Recommendations were made that rehabilitation. being a useful process, should be continued in approved schools. However, goals and policies for running approved schools should be Worked out, appropriate treatment programmes should be introduced, and facilities and the calibre of staff should be improved for effective juvenile delinquency rehabilitation.
2002-08-01T00:00:00ZInfluence of indeginous education on environmental conservation;the case of the Ogiek of Mau forest, Kenya, 1985-1992
http://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3337
Influence of indeginous education on environmental conservation;the case of the Ogiek of Mau forest, Kenya, 1985-1992
Ronoh, Thomas kipkorir
Environmental conservation in many parts of the world presents a daunting task owing to factors 1 population increase. In Kenya, for example, environmental degradation has occurred at an alarming rate in areas such as the Mau Forest, the home of the majority of the Ogiek people. Traditionally, the Ogiek are hunter- gatherers and have distinctive histories of interaction with & natural environment. But, they have been gradually rendered homeless through appropriation 1' guts of the Mau Forest for other uses since the colonial periods. Over the years, the Ogiek in inhabited the Mau Forest with little impact on the environment. However, encroachment on ix Ogek habitat by the farming communities and timber harvesting companies has presented a zzéous threat to the existence of this group, whose approach to environmental conservation has zztinually satisfied their basic needs. This study thus sought to establish Whether there is a relationship between indigenous education and environmental conservation among the pre- :2-lonial Ogiek of Mau Forest. The study also sought to determine the impact of various aspects :5 modernization on Ogiek environmental conservation strategies fi'om 1895 to 1992. The study ‘P5 informed by the General Systems Theory and the Cultural Ecology Theory. An ethno- historical approach was employed in the design, instrumentation, data collection, analysis and interpretation. To achieve systematic collection of data, purposive sampling techniques were used. The research sample was drawn from seven sites in the Mau Forest, namely; Teret, Sururu, Nessuit, Mari ashoni, Bararget, Tinet and Kiptororo. Fifly six (56) members of the Ogiek community, mainly cultural consultants, were interviewed for the study. The main instruments for data collection were observation and interview schedules as well as a variety of documentary sources. The information obtained from the various sources was checked for validity and reliability using triangulation as well as external and internal criticism approaches to data analysis. The results of the study revealed that there was a clear link between Ogiek indigenous education and environmental conservation. It was noted in the discussion that the traditional Ogiek were specialists in hunting, bee-keeping and herbal medicine. They also had unusual sensitivity to their forests and the creatures which inhabited them. The Ogiek’s familiarity and zwareness of the balance between themselves and nature as evidenced by the complex socio- political and economic superstructures made them to be peaceful and happy as they co-existed with plants and wildllife in the forest. Furthermore, the results of this study emphasized that the :colonial and post colonial governments did not recognize the role of the Ogiek as ‘guardians’ and ‘custodians’ of the Mau Forest ecosystem. Because of this, the Ogiek have continuously resented governments extemaily engineered policies on environmental conservation as these have led to ineir marginalization and near extinction. It was arguably asserted that the resentment of these ecological policies were not because they were unsuitable to the local conditions, but invariably \viewed as an imposition on the local community by the governing authority without any proper ad adequate consultation by all the interested parties. The study recommends that dialogue should be promoted among the various organizations, groups and communities involved in the conservation of the Mau Forest in order to achieve the set objectives with regards to resource management and conservation. Finally, the study observes that to arrive at consensus on these 3s-ues, a more concrete, acceptable and broad-based bottom-up participatory approach should be employed. Further research needs to focus its attention on the actual process of integrating the two epistemic under study with a view to improving them and adapting the same to suit the current emerging trends in environmental education. More specifically, emphasis should be made 1": harmonize theory and practice of environmental education, conservation and management strategies
2011-04-01T00:00:00ZDevelopment and testing of food based dietary guidelines for individuals above five years of age the case of the Lake Victoria Region, Kenya
http://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3271
Development and testing of food based dietary guidelines for individuals above five years of age the case of the Lake Victoria Region, Kenya
Korir, Cherotich, Emily
Globally, suboptimal diets are noted as responsible for more deaths than any other risk among adults aged 25 years or older. Dietary analysis found that the leading dietary risk factors for mortality were diets high in sodium, and low in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and ω-3 fatty acids. Further, the poor in developing countries including Kenya suffer from hunger, consumption of food inadequate in micronutrients, and the emergence of overnutrition. Similar challenges are experienced in the Lake Victoria region, Kenya. As a basis to educate the community on healthy eating, earlier research in the region recommended the development of food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs). This research used descriptive qualitative design to develop and consumer-test FBDGs for the Lowlands in the Lake Victoria region. As recommended by FAO and WHO (1998), both policy makers and consumers were involved in the development of FBDGs. Kisumu and Homa Bay Counties were purposively selected for this study. In a series of three workshops, a 30-member panel drawn from nutrition and nutrition-related fields drafted 11 preliminary FBDGs. Using a focus group discussions (FGD) guide, a total of 72 FGDs each consisting of 8-12 community members were conducted to consumer-test the preliminary guidelines for clarity of words and perception. The FGD was conducted among primary and high school learners and among adult males and females within the community. The FGD proceedings were recorded, transcribed, translated, and coded based on themes. The thematic analysis was carried out with the aid of NVivo8 (QSR International Pty Ltd Version 8, 2008). Feedback from the FGD was used to reword the final draft consisting of 12 guidelines. The guidelines were generally perceived as promoting dietary intake on the basis of the ‗balanced diet‘ principle. However, the ‗balanced diet‘ concept in the region was understood to mean the consumption of meals consisting of three nutrients; carbohydrates, proteins and vitamin. Further, some concepts such as ‗three regular meals‘,‗snacks‘ ‗food variety‘ ‗healthy and physically active lifestyle‘ were not easily understood. Food insecurity, inadequate nutrition knowledge, patriarchy in choices of foods to grow, emerged as challenges likely to impede the implementation of FBDGs in the lowlands of Lake Victoria region. The adoption of the FBDGs in the region will depend on access to adequate economic resources and food availability to community members.
2022-11-01T00:00:00ZDevelopment of an on-farm test method to detect betalactam antibiotic residues in raw milk
http://41.89.96.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3270
Development of an on-farm test method to detect betalactam antibiotic residues in raw milk
Ndungu, Teresiah Wangui
There exist different methods of determining antibiotic residues in milk. However, the ideal testing methods such as HPLC and rapid kits have been found to be expensive, takes long to give results and needs definite expertise posing a challenge to their utility among farmers and the cooperatives societies in the Kenyan milk industry. The Hardy Diagnostics Beta-Lactamase Test (HDBT) is recommended for testing beta-lactamase production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus, and Staphylococcus species.
HDBT is an acidometric method that utilizes a reagent consisting of penicillin, sodium chloride, trisodium citric acid, trisodium phosphate, and phenol red dissolved in distilled water. The objective of this study was to modify the ingredients of the HDBT reagent in order to develop a test method for detecting beta-lactam antibiotic residues in raw milk. The first part of the study involved modifying the composition of the ingredients to achieve the best colour differentiation between positive and negative raw milk samples, determining the appropriate mixing ratios for the raw milk and reagent, and investigating the impact of different breeds on the test results. The second part of the study focused on
determining the shelf life of the test reagent for its applicability in the dairy sector. In the third part of the study, the sensitivity and specificity of four rapid antibiotic test methods were compared to the developed test method. Pooled raw milk samples were collected from 3 Friesian and 3 Ayrshire lactating cows that had previously been treated with beta-lactam antibiotics after being diagnosed to have subclinical mastitis. Trained panelists conducted evaluations to assess the colour differences between positive and negative raw milk samples in all experiments. The results demonstrated that the gradual addition of trisodium phosphate and phenol red in the reagent resulted in a significant difference
(P ≤ 0.05) between positive and negative raw milk samples in terms of colour assessment. Additionally, mixing equal portions of milk and reagent showed a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) compared to other proportions, and there was no significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the test method results between Friesians and Ayrshires raw milk samples. The second part of the study revealed that the reagent remained effective for 5 hours, but when used in powder form and packaged under semi-vacuum conditions, it had a shelf life of over 4 months. There was no significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between the results obtained using the powder and reagent. In the third part of the study, the developed test method exhibited a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 100%, while the other test methods achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 100% each. The Kappa coefficient, according to the Landis-
Koch scale, indicated a moderate agreement of 0.5882 between the developed test method and the other test methods. A fuchsia purple colour indicated a beta-lactam negative sample, while peach or pink colour indicated a positive sample. This test method can be employed along raw milk collection routes to accept, set aside, or reject raw milk suspected of containing antibiotic residues. Further research on the developed test method can be carried out to investigate the possibility of obtaining quantitative
results.
2023-08-01T00:00:00Z