Abstract:
Prison reforms are driven by a need to make the penal system fair and effective. Despite undertaking prison reforms, the attempt to improve the harsh prison conditions has created unanticipated outcomes on reformation and rehabilitation of offenders. The broad objective of this study was to investigate the extent and effects of prison reforms on reformation of inmates in Nyandarua County. The specific objectives of this study were to examine the prison reforms undertaken since 2001 in prisons in Nyandarua County, Kenya. The study explored the outcomes of prison reforms on the reformation of prisoners and assessed the un-anticipated prison reforms outcomes on reformation of prisoners in Nyandarua County, Kenya. The study also examined mechanisms in place to improve the effects of prison reforms in prisons in Nyandarua County. This study was guided by both the reformation and deterrence theories of punishment and used descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 242 prison staff members and 674 inmates. Krejcie and Morgan formula for determining sample size (n) from a defined population (N) was used to obtain a sample size of 271. Both structured questionnaire and key informant interview guides were used to collect primary data. Data collected through the questionnaires was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. The raw data was aggregated into numerical terms that was then presented in frequency and percentage tables. Qualitative data provided descriptive information on perceptions and opinions of key informants. Analyzed data was presented in tables, graphs and charts guided by the objectives of the study. The study revealed that though reforms have been implemented, some of the reforms remained un-executed. Prisoners had access to food, improved medical care and legal aid. They lacked access to adequate clothing, timely medical assistance for injuries and ailments. Housing for both staff and inmates was inadequate leading to poor living conditions for staff and inmates overcrowding. The use of technology in prison management was low. The study recommended that prison authorities and the government should not only provide food but also improve on quality of diet, provide adequate clothing for inmates and enhance recreation and sporting activities. Counseling and appropriate education and training programmes for prisoners should be provided. There was also need to improve prison administrative roles and approaches, and promote use of technology for enhanced surveillance.
