Chemical characterization of Kenyan Cupressus lusitanica Mill. Ocimum americanum L. and Lippia Javanica(Burm.f.) Spreng essential oils

Abstract

The study was designed to chemically characterize essential oils from Kenyan Cupressus Iusitanica, Ocimum americanum and Lippia javanica and bio-prospect for new compounds as possible biocontrol agents of insect pests. Leaf essential oils of the three test plants were obtained by hydro-distillation. GC-MS analysis of leaf oils revealed that monoterpenes were the major group of chemical constituents in all plants. In C. Iusitanica oil, 91 compounds were identified with oi-pinene (13.8%), umbellulone (12.66%), 6- cadinene (7.47) and Limonene (6.64%) being major compounds. The O. americanum oil had 72 compounds with geraniol (18.72%), 1, 8- cineole (17.48%), elemicin (8.20%) and camphor (7.55%) being main chemical constituents. Results also in L. javanica oil, the 47 compounds identified were dominated by ipsdienone (26.07 %), ocimenone (14.32%), bicyclo [3.1.1] hept-3-en-2-one, 4,6,6-trimethyI- , (1S)-(10.91%) and myrcene (7.04%). The chemotypes of essential oils from the tested plants may be considered as or-pinene-umbellulone, geranial-1, 8-cineole and ipsdienone-ocimenone for C. Iusitanica, O. americanicum and L. javanica respectively. The chemical constituents such as or-pinene, umbellulone, geraniol, 1, 8-cineole and myrcene are known to have insecticidal properties. Therefore, the essential oils have possible uses in production of natural pesticides of plant origin for sustainable management of insect pest. Key words: Essential oil, Cupressus Iusitanica, Ocimum americanum, Lippiajavanica, botanical pesticide